Fencing for beginners: everything you need to know to get started
Fencing is often described as "high-speed chess." It's a dynamic combat sport that involves sword fighting between two opponents.
Fencing challenges participants not only physically but also mentally, demanding quick thinking, strategic planning, and precise execution.
The sport has a proud Olympic history, being one of the few sports included in every modern Olympic Games since their inception in 1896. This rich heritage, combined with its blend of physical and mental challenge, makes fencing a captivating sport for all ages.
This guide will walk through the basic concepts and principals in fencing.
Three main fencing disciplines
Modern competitive fencing features three distinct disciplines:
Foil
Épée
Sabre
Each discipline is differentiated by the “weapon” that participants use.
Weapons in each discipline have thei own unique characteristics, target areas, and rules, contributing to varied styles of play. Understanding these differences is key for beginners to appreciate the breadth of the sport. It also helps them potentially find a weapon that aligns with their personal preferences.
Foil
Characteristics: The foil is a lightweight (under 500g) and flexible thrusting weapon with a small circular guard.
Target Area: Scoring is restricted to the torso, including the front, back, and lower bib of the mask. Hits outside this area (e.g., arms, legs, head) are considered "off-target" and stop play without scoring a point.
Scoring Method: Points are scored exclusively with the tip of the blade.
Right-of-Way: Foil fencing operates under the "right-of-way" rule. If both fencers hit simultaneously, the point is awarded to the fencer who initiated a clear, continuous attack first. This rule emphasizes offensive priority and defensive parries.
Style: Often recommended for beginners due to its lighter weight and focus on precision and technique within a controlled target area.
Épée
Characteristics: The épée is the heaviest of the three weapons (up to 770g). It has a stiffer, triangular blade and a larger bell guard for hand protection.
Target Area: The entire body, from head to toe, including clothing and equipment, is a valid target. There are no "off-target" areas.
Scoring Method: Points are scored only with the tip of the blade.
Right-of-Way: Épée fencing does not use the right-of-way rule. If both fencers hit within a very short time frame (e.g., 1/25th of a second), both receive a point (a "double-hit").
Style: Known for patient, tactical engagement, resembling 19th-century dueling, with an emphasis on precision and cautious play.
Sabre
Characteristics: The sabre is shorter and lighter (under 500g, similar to foil). It features a larger guard that curves over the hand.
Target Area: The upper body above the waist, including the head and arms, is the valid scoring area, but excluding the hands.
Scoring Method: Unique among the three, points can be scored with both the cutting edge (slashing) and the point (thrusting) of the blade.
Right-of-Way: Like foil, sabre fencing adheres to the right-of-way rule, promoting quick, aggressive exchanges.
Style: Known for its speed, dynamic movements, and aggressive exchanges, often resembling cinematic sword fighting more closely than the other two weapons.
The existence of the "right-of-way" rule in foil and sabre, and its absence in épée, is a crucial distinction between the disciplines. This shapes the strategic landscape of each weapon.
This rule, which determines who scores when both fencers hit simultaneously, is designed to prevent chaotic free-for-alls. Instead, it encourages fencers to establish clear offensive priority.
Fencing is not simply about who hits first. It's about who executes the attack with proper initiation and control. This strategic layer adds significant depth, transforming the physical combat into a nuanced "physical chess" match.
Understanding and manipulating right-of-way is as important as physical execution. This complex interplay of rules and strategy underscores the sport's intellectual demands.
Comparing fencing disciplines
Basics fencing rules and scoring
Understanding the fundamental rules and scoring system is essential for any beginner stepping onto the fencing piste.
A fencing match, known as a "bout," has a clear objective: to score a predetermined number of points before your opponent, or before time expires. In direct elimination rounds, the goal is typically 15 points, while in preliminary pool play, it's often 5 points.
Points are awarded each time a fencer successfully makes a "touch" within their opponent's designated target area. The referee plays a crucial role. They stop the bout after each hit, describe the action, and then determine whether a touch should be awarded.
Newcomers can often follow the momentum of a bout by observing the referee's hand signals, as they clearly raise their hand on the side of the fencer who has been awarded a point.
Fencers constantly manage distance. They aim to stay out of their opponent's attacking range while simultaneously looking for opportunities to break that distance and launch their own offense. Sometimes, a fencer might execute a "feint," a false attack, to gauge their opponent's reactions and create openings.
As mentioned above, a key concept, particularly in foil and sabre, is "right-of-way." This rule resolves situations where both fencers hit simultaneously, determining who "owns" the attack and therefore receives the point.
The fencer who initiates a clear, continuous attack first generally gains priority. However, a defender can "take over" the right-of-way by successfully executing a "parry" (a defensive move to deflect the opponent's blade) or by making the opponent miss their attack, which then allows them to launch a "riposte" (an answering attack). Hesitation can be costly, as a fencer who pauses too long while advancing may lose right-of-way.
Safety is paramount in fencing, with fencers required to wear protective gear including masks, jackets, and gloves.
First fencing moves to learn for beginners
The journey into fencing begins with mastering a few fundamental movements. These initial steps are crucial for building confidence and developing the necessary muscle memory.
The very first position a beginner will learn is the en garde stance. This is the ready position, characterized by:
Bent knees
A balanced posture
The weapon arm extended towards the opponent
Getting comfortable in this stance is paramount, as it is the starting point for all offensive and defensive actions.
Once the en garde stance is established, fencers learn the primary methods of movement along the strip:
Advance: To move forward, the fencer leads with their front foot, followed by their back foot, maintaining the en garde position. This is used to close distance with an opponent.
Retreat: To move backward, the fencer initiates with their back foot, followed by their front foot, also maintaining the en garde position. This creates distance or evades an attack.
Lunge: The basic attacking move, the lunge involves an explosive extension of the front leg and a push from the back leg, propelling the fencer forward to reach the opponent with their weapon.
These three movements—en garde, advance, retreat, and lunge—are the absolute fundamentals of fencing footwork.
Beginner fencers will quickly realize that fencing is profoundly about footwork, not just the sword. A major focus of early training will be on getting these footwork mechanics right, as controlling distance and moving effectively along the strip are what truly empower a fencer. Learning proper footwork is the foundation upon which all other fencing skills are built.
What to expect in your first fencing class
Embarking on your first fencing class is an exciting step, and knowing what to expect can help ease any initial apprehension.
Most fencing clubs are well-equipped to welcome beginners, providing necessary equipment for introductory sessions and often for longer periods. This means new participants do not need to immediately invest in personal gear.
When preparing for your first session, your should bring:
Plenty of water to stay hydrated, as fencing is a high-energy sport with a lot of movement.
Comfortable sports shoes, particularly tennis or badminton shoes, are recommended, though running shoes can suffice initially.
For clothing, sweatpants, tracksuit bottoms, or other workout attire are best, avoiding heavy fabrics like jeans that can cause overheating.
Bringing a change of clothes for after the session is also a good idea.
A common experience for new fencers is initial muscle discomfort, particularly in the legs. The en garde stance and movements engage muscles not typically used in daily life. This "burn" is normal and will subside quickly as the muscles adapt over a few weeks of consistent practice. It is important to maintain proper fencing posture even when tired, as consistency builds good habits. Always performing a cool-down stretch after class is also recommended.
Beginners should focus on the basics and resist the temptation to delve into advanced techniques found online.
While the sport may seem complex, the fundamentals of posture, stances, footwork, and basic attacks remain constant and are the core of early training. Practicing at home without a coach's supervision is generally not recommended, as it can lead to ingraining incorrect habits. The initial focus should be on building a solid foundation under expert guidance.
How Sheridan Fencing Academy trains beginner fencers
Sheridan Fencing Academy is deeply committed to making fencing accessible and enjoyable for everyone. This starts with our philosophy that "fun training is great training."
For the youngest fencers, ages four to six, we provide a "fun and safe introduction" to the sport using plastic sabers. These 40-minute sessions emphasize games and play, which are strategically used to develop crucial motor skills, concentration, coordination, balance, and strength.
Similarly, our seven to nine year old program introduces fencing through games and activities like balance beams and hula hoops. This enhances coordination, balance, strength, reaction, and concentration in one-hour sessions. This playful methodology ensures that children discover a genuine "love of physical activity" from the start.
Fencers aged 10 and older progress through a unique fencing curriculum. It's akin to martial arts belt tests, with ten levels in total. This structured advancement, with periodic tests, provides clear milestones and encourages continuous development.
Initial classes are one hour, progressing to 90 minutes and then full two-hour sessions as students pass tests, with options for individual lessons at higher levels. This system allows students to add training days without extra charge, promoting flexibility and dedication.
Adult fencers, whether beginners or experienced or also welcome, and benefit from high-energy, one-hour classes. These focus on developing core strength, flexibility, speed, and technical/tactical skills. Adult membership includes access to all adult classes and open practice times, fostering a supportive community.
Want to get started in the sport of fencing?
Join us at Sheridan Fencing Academy. We offer fencing programs for all ages and experience levels—from ages 4 to 94, and from absolute beginners to future Olympians. Come see how strong, confident, and athletic you can become.
Fencing for beginners: FAQ
Is fencing a safe sport?
Yes, fencing is considered a very safe sport. While it involves swords, fencers wear extensive protective gear, including masks, jackets, gloves, and breeches. Injuries are typically minor, such as strained muscles or twisted ankles, similar to many other athletic activities. We prioritize safety and ensure all rules and precautions are followed.
What kind of physical fitness do I need for fencing?
Fencing is a physically demanding sport that requires a blend of cardio, strength, and agility. You'll work muscles you didn't even know you had! Beginners don't need to be in peak physical condition to start, but working on your stamina through activities like running or cycling can certainly help you adapt more quickly.
Will fencing feel uncomfortable at first?
New positions and movements in fencing can feel awkward or uncomfortable initially. This is completely normal as your body adjusts to new demands. With consistent practice, this discomfort will fade as your muscles adapt and your body builds new muscle memory. Our coaches can also provide stretches and tips to help ease the process.
How important is footwork in fencing?
Footwork is absolutely crucial in fencing – it's the foundation of everything we do! It dictates your ability to attack, defend, and control distance. Beginners will spend a significant amount of time focusing on fundamental footwork drills to build speed, balance, and agility.
Should I practice fencing at home?
For beginners, practicing fencing techniques at home without a coach's supervision is generally not recommended. You might inadvertently develop incorrect habits that are harder to correct later. Instead, focus on cross-training activities like cardio and general fitness exercises to improve your overall physical condition.
Do I need expensive equipment to start fencing?
No, you do not need to invest in expensive equipment right away. Most fencing clubs, including Sheridan Fencing Academy, provide all the necessary gear for beginners during introductory classes and often for initial programs. As you progress, you can gradually invest in your own mid-range equipment. Practice and patience are far more valuable than the cost of your gear.
Is fencing fun?
Absolutely! While fencing is challenging and requires dedication, it's also incredibly rewarding and fun. We believe that "fun training is great training," and our programs are designed to be engaging and enjoyable. You'll experience the excitement of strategic combat, the satisfaction of mastering new skills, and the camaraderie of a supportive community.
Do I need expensive equipment to start fencing?
No, you do not need to invest in expensive equipment right away. Most fencing clubs, including Sheridan Fencing Academy, provide all the necessary gear for beginners during introductory classes and often for initial programs. As you progress, you can gradually invest in your own mid-range equipment. Practice and patience are far more valuable than the cost of your gear.